Retries Duplicate Your Writes, and Exactly-Once Won't Save You

When a request times out, the client cannot tell whether the request or only its acknowledgement was lost. This is why exactly-once delivery cannot be built, and why effectively-once processing is at-least-once delivery plus a receiver that deduplicates. A runnable experiment with a flaky network, the bug that still duplicates 89 of 200 requests, an atomic dedupe store, and a jitter simulation.

August 28, 2026 | 16 min

One Open Admission While a Start Is Unfinished

Controlling distributed task starts with one unfinished admission per workspace surface, a fixed destination, and idempotent retries during machine outages.

August 12, 2026 | 13 min